(5)
穆斯林被喻为椰枣
据伊本·奥麦尔的传述说:我们和使者在一起,然后,他说:“你们告诉我什么树就像穆斯林,其叶子不会掉落,也不会,也不会;任何时候都结果。” 我想到了椰枣树,但艾布拜克尔和奥麦尔都沉默,我不愿意在他们俩之前发言。他们没有回答时,使者说:“它就是椰枣树。”我们站起来准备离开时,我对奥麦尔说:父亲啊!指主发誓我确实想到了它是椰枣树。他说那你怎么不回答呢?我说:我看你们俩没发言,我不愿意在你们俩之前说话。奥麦尔说:我更喜欢你说出来[1]。
单词解释:
“叶子不会掉落”:椰子树的叶子不会掉落[2]。
“也不会”重复三次:有人解释说其果实不会中断、阴影不会褪去和益处不会消失;否定词的支配语被省略是按照知足的方式[3]。
哈菲兹在其著作中说:“椰枣树所有部分都充满着吉祥,而且吉祥长存于每个阶段;从成长直至干枯,所有部分都被使用,可以做动物的饲料,也可以用作纤维制作绳索。同样穆斯林吉祥普及使用方面,既利益自己,也利益别人和众生,甚至在归真后利益长存”[4]。
圣训的益处:
一:鼓励人们学习知识并理解;
二:害羞是可佳的圣行,只要不会导致失去利益;因此奥麦尔希望儿子不要沉默;
三:说明椰枣树及其果实的吉祥;
四:举例说明是为了让人们更好的理解,加深印象;
五:说明比喻并不一定是同类或类似相互比喻,因为任何固体不类似于信士,也不能与之相提并论;
六:尊敬长辈,小孩先让长辈发言,不要急于表达自己理解的即使正确也罢;
七:杰出的学者也会疏忽某些问题;学术方面不及他的人或许知道这些问题;因为知识是天资,安拉把恩典赏赐他所意欲的人。
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